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Revised November 2009

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Contents

• Principles of weed identification
• Weed scouting and mapping procedures
• Economic thresholds for weeds
• Herbicide injury
• Factors contributing to herbicide injury
• Amino acid synthesis inhibitors
• Cell membrane disruptors
• Growth regulators
• Herbicide mode of action families
• Lipid synthesis inhibitors
• Photosynthesis inhibitors
• Pigment inhibitors
• Seedling growth inhibitors
• Amaranth, Palmer (Amaranthus palmeri) also Palmer pigweed
• Anoda, spurred (Anoda cristata)
• Barley, foxtail, or Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum)
• Barley, little (Hordeum pusillum)
• Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
• Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)
• Bindweed, field (Convolvulus arvensis)
• Bittercress, smallflowered (Cardamine parviflora)
• Bluegrass, annual (Poa annua)
• Brome, downy (Bromus tectorum)
• Buckwheat, wild (Polygonum convolvulus)
• Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
• Burdock, common (Arctium minus)
• Buttercup, bulbous (Ranunculus bulbosus)
• Buttercup, corn (Ranunculus arvensis)
• Carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata)
• Carrot, wild (Daucus carota) also called Queen Anne's lace
• Cheat (Bromus secalinus)
• Chickweed, common (Stellaria media)
• Chickweed, mouseear (Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare)
• Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
• Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)
• Copperleaf, hophornbeam (Acalypha ostryifolia)
• Copperleaf, Virginia (Acalyphya virginica)
• Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
• Crabgrass, large (Digitaria sanguinalis)
• Crabgrass, smooth (Digitaria ischaemum)
• Cress, mouseear (Arabidopsis thaliana)
• Croton, tropic (Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis)
• Cupgrass, woolly (Eriochloa villosa)
• Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
• Dayflower, Asiatic (Commelina communis)
• Deadnettle, purple (Lamium purpureum)
• Dock, curly (Rumex crispus) also called sour dock, yellow dock
• Dogbane, hemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
• Eveningprimrose, common (Oenothera biennis)
• Eveningprimrose, cutleaf (Oenothera laciniata)
• Fescue, tall (Festuca arundinacea)
• Filaree, redstem (Erodium cicutarium)
• Fleabane, annual (Erigeron annuus)
• Foxtail, Carolina (Alopecurus carolinianus)
• Foxtail, giant (Setaria faberi)
• Foxtail, green (Setaria viridis)
• Foxtail, yellow (Setaria pumila)
• Galinsoga, hairy (Galinsoga ciliata)
• Garlic, wild (Allium vineale)
• Geranium, Carolina (Geranium carolinianum)
• Geranium, dovefoot (Geranium molle) also called dovesfoot cranesbill
• Goosegrass (Eleucine indica)
• Grapehyacinth, Starch (Muscari racemosum)
• Groundcherry (Physalis spp.)
• Groundsel, cressleaf (Packera glabella) also called butterweed
• Healall (Prunella vulgaris)
• Hemlock, poison (Conium maculatum)
• Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule)
• Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
• Horsetail, field, (Equisetum arvense) and Scouringrush (Equisetum hyemale)
• Horseweed or Marestail (Conyza canadensis)
• Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)
• Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
• Knawel (Scleranthus annuus)
• Knotweed, Japanese (Solanum carolinense) also called Japanese bamboo
• Kochia (Kochia scoparia)
• Lambsquarters, common (Chenopodium album)
• Lettuce, prickly (Lactuca serriola)
• Mallow, common (Malva neglecta)
• Mallow, Venice (Hibiscus trionum)
• Milkweed, common (Asclepias syriaca)
• Milkweed, honeyvine (Ampelamus albidus)
• Millet, browntop (Bracharia ramosa)
• Millet, wild-proso (Panicum miliaceum)
• Morningglory, entireleaf (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula)
• Morningglory, ivyleaf (Ipomoea hederacea)
• Morningglory, palmleaf (Ipomoea wrightii)
• Morningglory, pitted (Ipomoea lacunosa)
• Morningglory, smallflower (Jacquemontia tamnifolia)
• Morningglory, tall (Ipomoea purpurea)
• Mousetail (Myosurus minimus)
• Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
• Mustard, hedge (Sisymbrium officinale)
• Nightshade, eastern black (Solanum ptycanthum)
• Nutsedge, yellow (Cyperus esculentus)
• Oatgrass, bulbous (Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum)
• Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)
• Panicum, fall (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
• Panicum, Texas (Panicum texanum)
• Passionflower, maypop (Passiflora incarnata)
• Pennycress, field (Thlaspi arvense)
• Pennycress, thoroughwort (Microthlaspi perfoliatum)
• Pepperweed, field (Lepidium campestre)
• Pepperweed, Virginia (Lepidium virginicum)
• Pigweed, prostrate (Amaranthus blitoides)
• Pigweed, redroot (Amaranthus retroflexus)
• Pigweed, smooth (Amaranthus hybridus)
• Pimpernel, scarlet (Anagallis arvensis)
• Pineapple weed (Matricaria discoidea)
• Poinsettia, wild (Euphorbia heterophylla)
• Pokeweed, common (Phytolacca americana)
• Purslane, common (Portulaca oleracea)
• Quackgrass (Elymus repens)
• Radish, wild (Raphanus raphanistrum)
• Ragweed, common (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
• Ragweed, giant (Ambrosia trifida)
• Rocket, yellow (Barbarea vulgaris)
• Ryegrass, annual or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
• Sandbur (Cenchrus spp.)
• Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor)
• Shepherd's-purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
• Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)
• Sida, prickly (Sida spinosa)
• Signalgrass, broadleaf (Brachiaria platyphylla)
• Smartweed, Pennsylvania (Polygonum pensylvanicum)
• Smartweed, swamp (Polygonum coccineum)
• Sorrel, red (Rumex acetosella)
• Sowthistle, spiny (Sonchus asper)
• Speedwell, corn (Veronica arvensis)
• Speedwell, purslane (Veronica peregrina)
• Spurge, spotted (Chamaesyce maculata)
• Spurry, corn (Spergula arvensis)
• Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
• Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis)
• Sunflower, common (Helianthus annuus)
• Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense)
• Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans)
• Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)
• Violet, common blue (Viola sororia)
• Violet, field (Viola arvensis)
• Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
• Wallflower, bushy (Erysimum repandum)
• Waterhemp, common (Amaranthus rudis)
• Witchgrass (Panicum capillare)
• Woodsorrel, creeping (Oxalis corniculata)
• Woodsorrel, yellow (Oxalis stricta)

Related publications

• G1886, Controlling Drift of Crop Protection Materials
• IPM1021, Vine Weeds of Missouri
• IPM1023, Missouri Weed Seeds

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Practical Weed Science for the Field Scout: Corn and Soybeans

Dogbane, hemp (Apocynum cannabinum)

Perennial broadleaf

A perennial that resembles a milkweed with opposite leaves that secrete a milky sap when broken. Leaves are ovate or elliptic in outline, as much as 1.5 inches wide by 5 inches long, and are arranged oppositely along the stem. Stems reach 5 to 6 feet in height, branch especially in the upper portions of the plant, and often have a reddish tint when mature. The seedpods are long and narrow and usually turn reddish brown and split open when mature to expose the seed with long white silky hairs. Flowers occur in inconspicuous clusters and are greenish white in color.
 

IPM1007, revised November 2009

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