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Revised June 2007

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Contents

• Principles of weed identification
• Weed scouting and mapping procedures
• Economic thresholds for weeds
• Herbicide injury
• Factors contributing to herbicide injury
• Amino acid synthesis inhibitors
• Cell membrane disruptors
• Growth regulators
• Herbicide mode of action families
• Lipid synthesis inhibitors
• Photosynthesis inhibitors
• Pigment inhibitors
• Seedling growth inhibitors
• Amaranth, Palmer (Amaranthus palmeri) also Palmer pigweed
• Anoda, spurred (Anoda cristata)
• Barley, foxtail, or Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum)
• Barley, little (Hordeum pusillum)
• Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
• Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)
• Bindweed, field (Convolvulus arvensis)
• Bluegrass, annual (Poa annua)
• Brome, downy (Bromus tectorum)
• Buckwheat, wild (Polygonum convolvulus)
• Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
• Burdock, common (Arctium minus)
• Carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata)
• Carrot, wild (Daucus carota) also called Queen Anne's lace
• Cheat (Bromus secalinus)
• Chickweed, common (Stellaria media)
• Chickweed, mouseear (Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare)
• Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
• Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)
• Copperleaf, hophornbeam (Acalypha ostryifolia)
• Copperleaf, Virginia (Acalyphya virginica)
• Crabgrass, large (Digitaria sanguinalis)
• Crabgrass, smooth (Digitaria ischaemum)
• Croton, tropic (Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis)
• Cupgrass, woolly (Eriochloa villosa)
• Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
• Dayflower, Asiatic (Commelina communis)
• Dock, curly (Rumex crispus) also called sour dock, yellow dock
• Dogbane, hemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
• Fescue, tall (Festuca arundinacea)
• Foxtail, Carolina (Alopecurus carolinianus)
• Foxtail, giant (Setaria faberi)
• Foxtail, green (Setaria viridis)
• Foxtail, yellow (Setaria pumila)
• Galinsoga, hairy (Galinsoga ciliata)
• Garlic, wild (Allium vineale)
• Goosegrass (Eleucine indica)
• Grapehyacinth, Starch (Muscari racemosum)
• Groundcherry (Physalis spp.)
• Hemlock, poison (Conium maculatum)
• Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
• Horsetail, field, (Equisetum arvense) and Scouringrush (Equisetum hyemale)
• Horseweed or Marestail (Conyza canadensis)
• Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)
• Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
• Kochia (Kochia scoparia)
• Lambsquarters, common (Chenopodium album)
• Lettuce, prickly (Lactuca serriola)
• Mallow, common (Malva neglecta)
• Mallow, Venice (Hibiscus trionum)
• Milkweed, common (Asclepias syriaca)
• Milkweed, honeyvine (Ampelamus albidus)
• Millet, browntop (Bracharia ramosa)
• Millet, wild-proso (Panicum miliaceum)
• Morningglory, entireleaf (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula)
• Morningglory, ivyleaf (Ipomoea hederacea)
• Morningglory, palmleaf (Ipomoea wrightii)
• Morningglory, pitted (Ipomoea lacunosa)
• Morningglory, smallflower (Jacquemontia tamnifolia)
• Morningglory, tall (Ipomoea purpurea)
• Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
• Nightshade, eastern black (Solanum ptycanthum)
• Nutsedge, yellow (Cyperus esculentus)
• Oatgrass, bulbous (Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum)
• Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)
• Panicum, fall (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
• Panicum, Texas (Panicum texanum)
• Passionflower, maypop (Passiflora incarnata)
• Pigweed, prostrate (Amaranthus blitoides)
• Pigweed, redroot (Amaranthus retroflexus)
• Pigweed, smooth (Amaranthus hybridus)
• Pimpernel, scarlet (Anagallis arvensis)
• Poinsettia, wild (Euphorbia heterophylla)
• Pokeweed, common (Phytolacca americana)
• Purslane, common (Portulaca oleracea)
• Quackgrass (Elymus repens)
• Ragweed, common (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
• Ragweed, giant (Ambrosia trifida)
• Ryegrass, annual or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
• Sandbur (Cenchrus spp.)
• Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor)
• Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)
• Sida, prickly (Sida spinosa)
• Signalgrass, broadleaf (Brachiaria platyphylla)
• Smartweed, Pennsylvania (Polygonum pensylvanicum)
• Sorrel, red (Rumex acetosella)
• Spurge, spotted (Chamaesyce maculata)
• Spurry, corn (Spergula arvensis)
• Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
• Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis)
• Sunflower, common (Helianthus annuus)
• Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense)
• Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans)
• Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)
• Violet, common blue (Viola sororia)
• Virginia-creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
• Waterhemp, common (Amaranthus rudis)
• Witchgrass (Panicum capillare)
• Woodsorrel, yellow (Oxalis stricta)

Related publications

• G1886, Controlling Drift of Crop Protection Materials
• IPM1021, Vine Weeds of Missouri
• IPM1023, Missouri Weed Seeds

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Practical Weed Science for the Field Scout: Corn and Soybeans

Copperleaf, hophornbeam (Acalypha ostryifolia)

Summer annual broadleaf

A summer annual that may grow to 40 inches in height with distinctly toothed leaves. Hophornbeam copperleaf is primarily a weed of agronomic crops but can also occur along fencerows, in landscapes and in nursery crops. Seedlings have two round cotyledons that are slightly hairy. Mature plants have leaves that are alternate, egg- or diamond-shaped, with finely toothed margins. Flowers are inconspicuous and occur on long axillary or terminal spikes. Hophornbeam copperleaf seedlings are often mistaken for prickly sida, but prickly sida has one round and one heart-shaped cotyledon.

IPM1007, revised June 2007

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