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Revised June 2007

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Contents

• Principles of weed identification
• Weed scouting and mapping procedures
• Economic thresholds for weeds
• Herbicide injury
• Factors contributing to herbicide injury
• Amino acid synthesis inhibitors
• Cell membrane disruptors
• Growth regulators
• Herbicide mode of action families
• Lipid synthesis inhibitors
• Photosynthesis inhibitors
• Pigment inhibitors
• Seedling growth inhibitors
• Amaranth, Palmer (Amaranthus palmeri) also Palmer pigweed
• Anoda, spurred (Anoda cristata)
• Barley, foxtail, or Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum)
• Barley, little (Hordeum pusillum)
• Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
• Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)
• Bindweed, field (Convolvulus arvensis)
• Bluegrass, annual (Poa annua)
• Brome, downy (Bromus tectorum)
• Buckwheat, wild (Polygonum convolvulus)
• Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
• Burdock, common (Arctium minus)
• Carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata)
• Carrot, wild (Daucus carota) also called Queen Anne's lace
• Cheat (Bromus secalinus)
• Chickweed, common (Stellaria media)
• Chickweed, mouseear (Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare)
• Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
• Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)
• Copperleaf, hophornbeam (Acalypha ostryifolia)
• Copperleaf, Virginia (Acalyphya virginica)
• Crabgrass, large (Digitaria sanguinalis)
• Crabgrass, smooth (Digitaria ischaemum)
• Croton, tropic (Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis)
• Cupgrass, woolly (Eriochloa villosa)
• Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
• Dayflower, Asiatic (Commelina communis)
• Dock, curly (Rumex crispus) also called sour dock, yellow dock
• Dogbane, hemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
• Fescue, tall (Festuca arundinacea)
• Foxtail, Carolina (Alopecurus carolinianus)
• Foxtail, giant (Setaria faberi)
• Foxtail, green (Setaria viridis)
• Foxtail, yellow (Setaria pumila)
• Galinsoga, hairy (Galinsoga ciliata)
• Garlic, wild (Allium vineale)
• Goosegrass (Eleucine indica)
• Grapehyacinth, Starch (Muscari racemosum)
• Groundcherry (Physalis spp.)
• Hemlock, poison (Conium maculatum)
• Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
• Horsetail, field, (Equisetum arvense) and Scouringrush (Equisetum hyemale)
• Horseweed or Marestail (Conyza canadensis)
• Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)
• Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
• Kochia (Kochia scoparia)
• Lambsquarters, common (Chenopodium album)
• Lettuce, prickly (Lactuca serriola)
• Mallow, common (Malva neglecta)
• Mallow, Venice (Hibiscus trionum)
• Milkweed, common (Asclepias syriaca)
• Milkweed, honeyvine (Ampelamus albidus)
• Millet, browntop (Bracharia ramosa)
• Millet, wild-proso (Panicum miliaceum)
• Morningglory, entireleaf (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula)
• Morningglory, ivyleaf (Ipomoea hederacea)
• Morningglory, palmleaf (Ipomoea wrightii)
• Morningglory, pitted (Ipomoea lacunosa)
• Morningglory, smallflower (Jacquemontia tamnifolia)
• Morningglory, tall (Ipomoea purpurea)
• Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
• Nightshade, eastern black (Solanum ptycanthum)
• Nutsedge, yellow (Cyperus esculentus)
• Oatgrass, bulbous (Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum)
• Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)
• Panicum, fall (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
• Panicum, Texas (Panicum texanum)
• Passionflower, maypop (Passiflora incarnata)
• Pigweed, prostrate (Amaranthus blitoides)
• Pigweed, redroot (Amaranthus retroflexus)
• Pigweed, smooth (Amaranthus hybridus)
• Pimpernel, scarlet (Anagallis arvensis)
• Poinsettia, wild (Euphorbia heterophylla)
• Pokeweed, common (Phytolacca americana)
• Purslane, common (Portulaca oleracea)
• Quackgrass (Elymus repens)
• Ragweed, common (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
• Ragweed, giant (Ambrosia trifida)
• Ryegrass, annual or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
• Sandbur (Cenchrus spp.)
• Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor)
• Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)
• Sida, prickly (Sida spinosa)
• Signalgrass, broadleaf (Brachiaria platyphylla)
• Smartweed, Pennsylvania (Polygonum pensylvanicum)
• Sorrel, red (Rumex acetosella)
• Spurge, spotted (Chamaesyce maculata)
• Spurry, corn (Spergula arvensis)
• Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
• Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis)
• Sunflower, common (Helianthus annuus)
• Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense)
• Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans)
• Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)
• Violet, common blue (Viola sororia)
• Virginia-creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
• Waterhemp, common (Amaranthus rudis)
• Witchgrass (Panicum capillare)
• Woodsorrel, yellow (Oxalis stricta)

Related publications

• G1886, Controlling Drift of Crop Protection Materials
• IPM1021, Vine Weeds of Missouri
• IPM1023, Missouri Weed Seeds

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Practical Weed Science for the Field Scout: Corn and Soybeans

Bluegrass, annual (Poa annua)

Summer annual grass

An erect or clump-forming annual grass that tolerates close mowing, or may reach 11 inches in height. Annual bluegrass is primarily a weed of lawns, landscapes, and occasionally agronomic crops, and is found throughout the United States. Leaves are light green in color, 1/2 to 5 inches long, 1 to 5 mm wide, folded in the bud and lack hairs on either surface. Leaves are "keeled" and have a distinctive boat-shaped tip. The ligule is slightly pointed and membranous. Stems may be either erect or bending and may root at the base of the tillers. The seedhead is an open panicle, 3/4 to 2-1/2 inches long, and pyramidal in outline.
 

IPM1007, revised June 2007

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