Extension Connection

Don't Get Bitten by Frostbite
By Janet Hackert, Nutrition Specialist

The air temperature was -10°F. With the winds, it felt even colder. In this type of weather it doesn’t take long for Mother Nature to take a bite – frostbite, that is. But it can be prevented.

Frostbite occurs when skin is exposed to extreme low temperatures. Skin tissue actually freezes. According to the Ohio State University Extension, symptoms include uncomfortable sensations of coldness, and feelings of tingling, stinging or aching. Frostbite also results in white, waxy skin that feels hard, numb and cold to the touch.

There are several steps to treat frostbite. Gently place frostbitten areas in warm, 105°F water or cover with warm dry cloth. Affected skin may be very fragile, so avoid rubbing with snow, massaging or running water over them. These actions can cause further damage. After warming frostbitten parts 25-40 minutes, dry gently if needed, and cover with dry, sterile gauze or soft, clean cloth bandages. Seek medical attention quickly if frostbite is suspected.

Frostbite is more likely to affect exposed areas such as hands and fingers, feet and toes, ears and cheeks. Protect these areas carefully during extreme cold weather, even when exposure will only be for a short time. Whether it’s stepping out of a warm cab to check cattle or waiting for a school bus, preventing frostbite means bundling up and limiting time spent outside. Layers of clothing rather than a single heavy layer allows for air to be trapped between the layers. Trapped air does a good job of holding the body’s heat in. Layers also permit ventilation.

“Children are at greater risk than adults for frostbite because they lose heat from their skin more rapidly than adults and because they may be reluctant to come inside from their winter fun,” said Karen Funkenbusch, University of Missouri Safety Specialist. When the temperature drops and the wind is wicked, if the kids still want to go out and play in the snow, be sure they dress warmly. Set short time limits for outside winter fun, and have them come in and warm up between the outside intervals.

 (Written January 16, 2009)

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Extension Connection Barb Ubben, Web Manager harrisonco@missouri.edu Last revised: 05/25/04