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5/12/08 | Quail
Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon, is considered an invasive weed by some, a wonderful forage or grass for athletic fields by others. It forms a dense mat and reproduces by below-ground rhizomes and above-ground stolons.
A warm-season native of Africa, bermudagrass is gaining popularity in southern Missouri. It grows 15 to 24 inches tall and provides quality forage in June, July and August, when cool-season grasses are in decline.
Typically, bermudagrass pastures are established between April 1 and June 1. Bermudagrass should be planted in a well-tilled, level and firm seedbed. Seeded varieties can be either broadcast or drilled. The desired seeding depth is 1/4 inch. Seeding rates are 4 to 8 pounds of pure live seed per acre.
Hybrid varieties of bermudagrass can be sprigged at a rate of 20 bushels per acre (one bushel is 1.25 cubic feet). Sprigs, consisting of underground rhizomes and plant crowns and stolons, should be planted at a depth of 1 to 2 inches in 20- to 40-inch rows. Planting deeper will delay establishment. Rolling after planting ensures good soil contact and enhances soil moisture retention during dry weather.
Hybrid bermudagrasses are popular for hay production because they are responsive to nitrogen fertilizer, have a high yield potential and are relatively fast drying. Bermudagrass makes good use of animal manures and, if well fertilized, gives high animal weight gains per acre. Although bermudagrass can be extremely drought tolerant, it does not produce much forage under arid conditions. Bermudagrass will not tolerate waterlogged conditions.
The most important considerations during bermudagrass establishment are a clean seedbed, a winter-hardy cultivar and weed control. The most critical aspects of managing bermudagrass are a proper fertility program and the stage of maturity at harvest. When it is used for grazing, the stocking rate is critical. Bermudagrass is tolerant of close grazing and drought and suffers from few insects and diseases.
Pests and diseases are usually not a serious problem with bermudagrass pastures. Invasions of fall armyworm and spittlebug can be a problem and leafspot infections may occur, particularly when soil potassium levels are low. Keeping the potassium levels up, burning the fields just before green up, and harvesting on a regular basis all help to prevent a major disease outbreak.
If bermudagrass is an unwelcome invader of a lawn or grass pasture, apply Roundup to the entire area and replant. Bermudagrass sods are tough to kill completely. Usually at least two applications of herbicide are required to achieve acceptable control.
Updated 1/17/08