| 1a. How
is poverty measured?
Correct!
In the 1960s, Molly Orshansky, an
employee of the Social Security Administration, developed the
original poverty thresholds by using the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Economy Food Plan, which she used to estimate a
family's minimum food needs. In 1955, Orshansky had determined that
most families spent approximately one-third of their after-tax
income on food. Therefore, the Economy Food Plan for various
family sizes was multiplied by three to determine the poverty
threshold figures.
The Census Bureau later adopted
these figures as the official poverty thresholds. The Census
Bureau updates the figures each year for inflation using the
consumer price index; however, there have only been minor
changes in the way the figures are calculated since their
adaptation. See http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/poverty.htm
for current poverty guidelines.
Many argue that this method of
calculation is obsolete and does not show the true picture of
poverty. Over time, it has been discovered that families now
spend less than one-fifth of their income on food. Housing
prices, health care expenses and child care costs have
increased, forcing families to spend more of their income on
these items.
The poverty thresholds have also
not been adjusted for standards of living. As incomes have grown
over time, the poverty figures have not been adjusted at the
same rate of growth.
There are other arguments that
the current poverty thresholds do not adequately reflect what it
takes to make ends meet in today's society. To read more about
this subject, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/povmeas.html
or or The National Center for Children in Poverty’s Measuring
Poverty in the United States” and Link it to
http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_825.html.
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