Jim Jarman
jarmanj@missouri.edu
Agronomy Specialist
Callaway County
(573) 642-0755.

Note: No special endorsement of any specific product is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned.

Black cutworm: Callaway Co. Trapping – 4/8=34 moths, 4/10=47 moths. 1^st cutting 4/27-28 although no growing degree days accumulation for the last couple of days. Watch for updates.
Alfalfa Weevil: 1^st hatching now – watch for early damage. Rains may suppress AW numbers. Mustang is a new effective AW insecticide. Permethrin sprays more effective for leaf hoppers.
The scouting program has about half of the needed acres at this time. Please hurry with enrollments. Also, send in your survey of the IPM program.

IPM Post Card #2

Black cutworm: Callaway Co. Trapping – 4/15=27 moths, 4/17=2 moths & 4/19=2 moths. 1^st cutting 4/25-26 although it may occur earlier in the week if temperatures remain unseasonably high. Watch for updates.
Southern corn leaf beetles seen on central MO. corn – treat if numbers or damage are high.
Alfalfa Weevil: 1^st hatching now – watch for early damage. Treat when numbers reach one AW larvae per stem. Recommended insecticides are: Baythroid*, Dimethoate, Furadan*, Imidan, Lorsban, Mustang, Penncap-M*, Warrior T*. *=RUPs See label for rates, reentry & harvest.
The scouting program has not met its goal. I looks like there will be no scouting program this year. Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields upon corn emergence.
I will be training Audrain Co. scouts on Wednesday April 24. You all are welcome to attend.

IPM Post Card #3 – April 26, 2002

Black cutworm: Callaway Co. Trapping – 4/22=33 moths, 4/14=23 moths & 4/26=10 moths. 1^st cutting prediction 4/25-26. If the corn is planted and especially the corn is up, scouting for cutting should be started immediately. I have heard of cutting west of us but nothing locally.
Southern corn leaf beetles seen on central MO. corn – treat if numbers or damage are high.
Flea beetles: Overwintering was good. Temperatures are lower. So conditions for injury are good. Watch but do not be too quick to treat. When it warms, the corn quickly out grows them.
Alfalfa Weevil: Penncap-M* was removed from the recommended list. Manufacture removed AW from the label. Heavy damage noted locally. Look for AW larvae. Treat if AW present even if leaves are gone. Fertilize to jump start alfalfa. *=RUP
Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields upon corn emergence.
Let me know if you like the IPM Post Card. I would like to increase
numbers sent.

IPM Post Card #4 – May 3, 2002

Black cutworm: Callaway Co. Trapping – 4/29=27 moths, 5/1=34 moths & 5/3=8 moths. We are past the 1^st cutting prediction. Cool weather may have delayed cutting. If the corn is planted and especially if the corn is up, scouting for cutting should be on going.
Southern corn leaf beetles – high numbers seen in south MO. Treat if they are damaging.
Flea beetles: Overwintering was good. Temperatures are lower. So conditions for injury are still good. Watch but do not be too quick to treat. When it warms, the corn usually out grows them.
Alfalfa Weevil: Still getting calls. Treat even if leaves gone if AW still present. This releases regrowth plus use a jump start fertilizer. Reports of killer fungus in AW. Watch for sick AW.
Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields. Call 642-0755 if you have questions.
Let me know if you like the IPM Post Card. I would like to increase numbers sent.

IPM Post Card #5 – May 10, 2002

Black cutworm: Callaway Co. Trapping – 5/6=14 moths, 5/8=12 moths & 5/10=27 moths. Cool, wet weather may have delayed cutting. If the corn is up, scouting for cutting should continue. Watch replanted corn also. BCW threat will continue…
Southern corn leaf beetles – Continue to watch for leaf feeding. Treat if they are damaging.
Flea beetles: Overwintering was good. Temperatures low - conditions for injury are still good. Watch but do not be too quick to treat. When it warms, the corn usually out grows them.
Alfalfa Weevil: Killer fungus in AW. Treat if leaves gone if healthy AW still present. If leaves gone & growth slow, use a jump start fert. – only up to 30# N/Acre (new recommendation).
Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields. Call 642-0755 if you have questions.
Let me know if you like the IPM Post Card. Pass this information to your neighbors.

IPM Post Card #6 – May 17, 2002 

Rains are helping to control insects!  Black cutworm: Callaway Co. trapping – May 13=25 moths, 16=29 moths & 42=27 moths. Still no reports of cutting. Other central MO regions also none. If the corn is up, scouting for cutting should continue. BCW threat will continue… Beginning ECB trapping next week.
Southern corn leaf beetles – Continue to watch for leaf feeding. Treat if they are damaging.
Flea beetles: Overwintering was good. Temperatures low - conditions for injury are still good.|
Alfalfa Weevil: Killer fungus in AW. Take care if ground wet during harvest – soil compaction plus crown and root damage possible.
Armyworm: none found in wheat locally. Some sawfly – usually not damaging – get ID 1^st.
Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields & call 642-0755 if you have questions.
Please let me know if you like this Post Card. Pass this information to your friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #7 – May 23, 2002                 

Black cutworm: Callaway Co. trapping – May 20=5 moths, 22=4 moths & 23=replaced lure with European corn borer. A couple of black cutworms found in Audrain CO. Continue scouting to 5 leaves fully emerged. Planting & replanting = use full season hybrids until mid June.
Flea beetles: Overwintering was good. Temperatures low - conditions for injury are still good.
Alfalfa Weevil: Killer fungus in larvae. Adult AW in some fields – may girdle stems at crown & can slow regrowth. Adult AW pesticides are: Lorsban*, Imidan, & Furadan* = 7 to 21 day harvest interval depends on rate. * = Restricted Use Pesticide
Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields & call 642-0755 if you have questions.
Please let me know if you like this Post Card. Pass this information to your friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #8 – May 31, 2002

Black cutworm:  Continue to scout until corn has 5 fully emerged leaves.  European corn borer: May 28=3 moths, 29=4 moths & 31=4 moths.  Most corn is still too small for corn borer survival.  Continued good growing conditions – oldest corn may be susceptible next week.  Check tallest plants in a field for a flat egg mass under the leaf.  Planting & replanting = continue to use full season hybrids until middle of June.  Flea beetles:  Good growing temperatures – corn will out grow beetles and damage.  Alfalfa:  Warmer temperatures will drive adult A W out of field.  Potato leaf hoppers found.  Check alfalfa for potato leaf hoppers before leaves burn and growth slows or stops.  Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields & call 642-0755 if you have questions.  Please let me know if you like this Post Card.  Pass this information to your friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #9 – June 7, 2002                   

Black cutworm: Continue to scout until corn has 5 fully emerged leaves.  European corn borer: June 3=3 moths, 5=0 moths & 7=1 moth trapped. Oldest corn is tall enough for borer survival. Check tallest plants in a field for a flat egg mass under & small holes in the leaf. If holes found = pull whorl & unroll to look for small dark head/light body worms.  Brown stinkbug and southern corn rootworms found in corn.  Planting & replanting = continue to use full season hybrids until middle of June.  Alfalfa: Watch for potato leaf hopper. Economic Threshold changes with height. Call for info. Check before hopper burn happens and growth slows or stops. Sweep nets available at office.  Bean leaf beetle: In soybeans. Watch isolated fields. Economic Threshold = 5 BLB/row foot.  Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields - call 642-0755 if you have questions.  Please let me know if you like this Post Card. Pass this information to your friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #10 – June 15, 2002               

Black cutworm: Continue to scout until corn has 5 fully emerged leaves. Some still being found in Callaway and Audrain Co. European corn borer: None trapped this week. Oldest corn tall enough for borer survival. Check tallest corn plants for a flat egg mass under & small holes in the leaf. If holes found = pull whorl & unroll to look for small dark head/light body worms. Borers found in Cal and Aud Co. Moths still in field borders. Heavy rains may wash borers away – still have to scout to make sure. Alfalfa: Watch for potato leaf hopper. Economic Threshold changes with height. Call for info. Check before hopper burn happens and growth slows or stops. Sweep nets available at office. Bean leaf beetle: In soybeans. Watch isolated fields. Economic Threshold = 5 BLB/row foot. Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields - call 642-0755 if you have questions. Please let me know if you like this Post Card. Pass this information to your friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #11 – June 21, 2002               

Black cutworm: Continue to scout until corn has 5 fully emerged leaves. None seen. European corn borer: None trapped this week. Check taller corn plants for a flat egg mass under & small holes in the leaf. If holes found = pull whorl & unroll to look for small dark head/light body worms. Borers found in Cal and Aud Co. Borers will be entering the stalk after next week. Alfalfa: Watch for potato leaf hopper. Economic Threshold changes with height. Call for info. Check before hopper burn happens and growth slows or stops. Sweep nets available at office. Bean leaf beetle: In isolated seedling soybeans. Economic Threshold = 5 BLB/row foot. Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields - call 642-0755 if you have questions. Please let me know if you like this Post Card. Pass this information to your friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #12 – June 28, 2002               

Black cutworm: Continue to scout until corn has 5 fully emerged leaves. None seen this week. European corn borer: None trapped this week. Check taller corn plants for a flat egg mass under & small holes in the leaf. If holes found = pull whorl & unroll to look for small dark head/light body worms. Borers found in Cal and Aud Co. Borers will begin entering the stalk this week. Alfalfa: Watch for potato leaf hopper. Economic Threshold changes with height. Call for info. Check before hopper burn happens and growth slows or stops. Sweep nets available at office.  Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields - call 642-0755 if you have questions.  Please let me know if you like this Post Card. Pass this information to your friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #13 – July 5, 2002

European corn borer: None trapped recently.  Check oldest corn for small holes in the leaves.  If found = pull whorl & unroll to look for small dark head/light body worms.  Found in Call & Aud Co. – treated in Aud Co. Borers entering stalk.  Split stalks before considering control.  Burrower bugs = Looks like small black stinkbugs.  If numerous, stunts corn – yellows soybeans.  A pest of the 1940s.  No economic thresholds or labeled insecticides.  Call for recommendations.  Alfalfa:  Watch for potato leaf hopper.  Economic threshold changes with height.  Call for info.  Check before hopper burn happens and growth slows or stops.  Sweep nets available at office.  Please let me know if you need spot checks of fields – call 642-0755 if you have questions. Please let me know if you like this Post Card.  Pass this information to you friends & neighbors.

IPM Post Card #14 – July 12, 2002

European corn borer: None trapped recently.  Most in stalk at this time – too late for control.
Watching for 2nd generation attacking later planted corn. May see eggs 10 days after trapping.
Green stinkbug in late corn causing yellowing & stunting in west central MO.
Burrower bugs = Looks like small black stinkbugs.  If numerous, stunts corn – yellows soybeans.  A pest of the 1940s.  No economic thresholds or labeled insecticides.  Call for recommendations. 
Alfalfa:  Watch for potato leaf hopper.  Economic threshold changes with height.  Call for info.  Check before hopper burn happens and growth slows or stops.  Sweep nets available at office. 

European corn borer: Trapped 2. Watching for 2nd generation in later planted corn. May see eggs 10 days after trapping. Look for eggs under leaves around ear zone around pollination. Small worms in leaf axils on pollinated corn. Corn still in whorl stage, scout like 1st generation. Call on economic thresholds.
Alfalfa:  Watch for potato leaf hopper.  Economic threshold changes with height.  Call for info.  Check before hopper burn happens and growth slows or stops.  Sweep nets available at office.
WARNING "Triple Threat" is being telemarketed for $90 per gallon. Although legal it is just a thimble full of 2,4-D cut with diesel fuel.  Also TK-10, 3.75% prometon for $85 a gallon (diluted Pramitol).

IPM Post Card #17 – August 2, 2002

No European corn borers trapped this week.
Big yellow grasshoppers now have wings. Watch for infestations within fields.
Corn, sorghum-Sudan grass and others may accumulate nitrates under drought conditions.
Have plants checked for excessive nitrates before harvesting for forage or silage.
Soybean aphid found in central Missouri. Numbers very low.
Spider mites have been found in northwestern Missouri soybeans. Spider mites like it hot and dry. Watch field borders near grass and for yellowing spots. They can cause 100% defoliation.
Begin to check fields for weed escapes. Prep. for next year’s herbicide program.
Patchy weed infestations may mean resistance! Common ragweed resistance to glyphosate may be in Callaway Co. Brush control – wait till weather cools.
Begin planning for grain storage now – consolidate grain, clean bins and residual sprays.

IPM Post Card #18 – August 9, 2002

2 European corn borers trapped Monday – none rest the of week.
Corn, sorghum-Sudan grass and others may accumulate nitrates under drought conditions.
Have plants checked for excessive nitrates before harvesting for forage or silage. If it rains 1 inch or more, wait a week and test for nitrates again. Nitrates killed 4 cows in Osage Co. last week.
Spider mites like it hot and dry. Watch soybeans near grassy borers and for yellowing spots.
Begin to check fields for weed escapes. Prep. for next year’s herbicide program.
Begin planning for grain storage now – consolidate remaining grain, clean bins and use residual sprays. Start thinking about harvest. Combine prep. Droughty crops may need extra harvest care.

IPM Post Card #19 – August 16, 2002

Scouting ends. Begin to watch for occasional pests.
1 European corn borer trapped this week. Cooler temperatures may end 2^nd generation.
Grass crops may accumulate nitrates under high N fertilization and drought conditions. After rain, wait a week and test for nitrates again.
Soybean pests infestations spotted. Watch bean leaf beetles, grasshoppers, stinkbugs, & webworms. Economic thresholds = 1 in 5 leaves gone or 5 to 10% pods damaged.
Grain Sorghum – look for worms feeding in heads. Economic threshold = 3 or more ½ grown worms per 4 heads. Large worms hard to kill.
Next season herbicide program planning hint = late season grass escapes tie up nitrogen

IPM Post Card #20 – August 23, 2002

Scouting has ended. Begin to watch for occasional pests. Mature or almost mature crops probably OKAY. 2 European corn borers trapped this week.
Soybean pod feeding pests to watch. Watch bean leaf beetles, grasshoppers, stinkbugs, & corn earworms. Economic thresholds = 1 in 5 leaves gone or 5 to 10% pods damaged.
Soybean disease watch = charcoal rot – thin soils, yellowing soybeans and drought. Sudden Death Syndrome = compacted soils, soybean cyst nematode, excessive moisture & cooler temp.
Grain Sorghum – look for worms feeding in heads. Economic threshold = 3 or more ½ grown worms per 4 heads. Large worms hard to kill.
Next season herbicide program planning hint = late season grass escapes tie up nitrogen

Watch for occasional pests. Mature or almost mature crops probably OKAY.
1 European corn borer trapped this week on Friday.
Stalk rots - Combo early wet, drought & borer damage = increase in stalk rots expected, check corn fields for stalk rots & consider early harvest.
Soybean pod feeding pests. Watch bean leaf beetles, grasshoppers, stinkbugs, & corn earworms. Economic thresholds = 5% to 10% pod damage. 1 in 5 leaves gone for leaf feeders.
Soybean disease = charcoal rot – thin soils, yellowing soybeans and drought. Sudden Death Syndrome = Seen in early beans, compacted soils, SCN, high moisture & cooler temp.
Soybean Cyst Nematode = Effects greater under droughty conditions – sample suspect fields.
Grain Sorghum – look for worms feeding in heads. Economic threshold = 3 or more ½ grown worms per 4 heads. Large worms hard to kill.
Forage establishment = Low to moderate grasshopper numbers may hurt late summer plantings.

IPM Post Card #22 – September 6, 2002 – If you don’t look, you won’t know.

Watch for occasional pests. Mature or almost mature crops probably OKAY.
4 European corn borer trapped this week. Loosing tops in mature corn – a sign of borer damage – consider early harvest. Stalk rots – wet, drought & borer damage = stalk rots, check & consider early harvest.
Soybean pests. Bean leaf beetles, grasshoppers, stinkbugs, & corn earworms. Economic thresholds = 5% to 10% pod damage. 1 in 5 leaves gone for leaf feeders.
Soybean disease = Charcoal rot – thin soils and drought = yellowing soybeans. Sudden Death Syndrome = Early beans + compacted soils, SCN, high moisture & cooler temp.
Soybean Cyst Nematode = Effects greater under drought – sample suspect fields.
Grain Sorghum – look for head feeding worms. Economic threshold = 3 or more ½ grown worms per 4 heads. Large worms hard to kill.
Forage establishment = Low to moderate grasshopper numbers may hurt late summer plantings.

IPM Post Card #23 – September 13, 2002 – If you don’t look, you won’t know.

Watch for occasional pests. Mature or almost mature crops probably OKAY.
Check combine for harvest losses – see Guide Sheets 1280 and 1290 “Measuring and Reducing Harvest Losses – Soybean and Corn”
Stalk rots – wet, drought & borer damage = stalk rots, check & consider early harvest.
Soybean disease = Charcoal rot – thin soils and drought = yellowing soybeans.
Soybean Cyst Nematode = Effects greater under drought – sample suspect fields.
Grain Sorghum – look for head feeding worms. Economic threshold = 3 or more ½ grown worms per 4 heads. Large worms hard to kill.
Wheat = planting your own seed – clean and treat before planting. Call for germination test info.
Forage establishment = Low to moderate grasshopper numbers may hurt late summer plantings

IPM Post Card #24 – September 20, 2002 – If you don’t look, you won’t know.

Watch for occasional pests. Mature or almost mature crops probably OKAY.
Check combine for harvest losses – see Guide Sheets 1280 and 1290 on harvest losses.
Stalk rots – wet, drought & borer damage = stalk rots, check & consider early harvest.
Ear rots – More sever on insect, bird or other damaged ears. Harvest early & store well.
Soybean disease = Charcoal rot – thin soils and drought = yellowing soybeans.
Soybean Cyst Nematode = Effects greater under drought – sample suspect fields.
Wheat = planting your own seed – clean and treat before planting. Call for germination test info.
Forage establishment = Low to moderate grasshopper numbers may hurt fall plantings.

IPM Post Card #25 – September 27, 2002 – If you don’t look, you won’t know.

Ear rots – Watch insect, bird, drought or other damaged ears. Penicillium = dusty blue or gray-green. Gibberella = pinkish to reddish - growing between husks and ears. Diplodia = dense white to grayish-white – ear may be completely rotted. Aspergillus flavus = greenish-yellow to mustard yellow, felt-like – Aflatoxin-present but not widespread or sever. Penicillium and Aspergillus can grow in improper storage. Aspergillus and Gibberella most frequent mycotoxins -toxins stable in storage. If needed, harvest early, clean grain & store properly.
?? Dryeration ?? = High speed dry to 16½ - 18 % - move hot grain to steep/temper 4 hours - cool – then store. Increases drying capacity, reduces energy use & can increase grain quality.
Check combine for harvest losses – see Guide Sheets 1280 and 1290 on harvest losses.
Wheat = planting your own seed? – clean & treat before planting. Call for germination test info.

IPM Post Card #26 – October 4, 2002 – If you don’t look, you won’t know.

2002 corn yield results from SE MO are at http://agebb.missouri.edu/cropperf/corn/index.asp.
Ear rots –If needed, harvest early, clean grain & store properly.
Fall Winter Weed control research results. 2,4-D needs help like Sencor or Valor + FirstRate or Backdraft or Canopy XL + Express. Winter Weeds more variable than summer weeds. Normal (?) dry springs – winter control could replace spring burn down. Wet, delayed spring – burndown needed anyway.
Now, farm stored grain relatively warm, 65 to 70 degrees at 15 to 16% moisture = 3-6 months safe storage. Aerate & Cool for every 10 to 15 degree temperature drop. Want 35 to 40 degrees by Thanksgiving or early December takes advantage of suspended state of insects and diseases.

IPM Post Card #27 – October 11, 2002 – If you don’t look, you won’t know.

University of Missouri Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) says "It is likely that the least profitable market option at harvest this fall is to hold grain in the bin." Corn and soybean producers are seeing stronger prices at harvest this year than they've seen in years.
Watch weed infestations during harvest. Combine surveys can help plan next springs weed management. New, spreading or different weed infestations may show up now that crop canopies more open.
Corn yield results from across MO at http://agebb.missouri.edu/cropperf/corn/index.asp.

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Jim Jarman, jarmanj@missouri.edu
Agronomy Specialist, (573) 642-0755
Site maintained by: Jen Pauley, pauleyj@missouri.edu
Last update: 04/27/06